Template:Cn/doc

Citation needed (also known by the redirects Cn and Fact) is a template used to identify questionable claims in articles that lack a citation to a reliable source. The template produces a superscripted notation like the following:


 * Humphrey Bogart has won several snooker world championships.

The template indicates that it may be that Humphrey Bogart played snooker at some point and it may be that he won some tournaments at some point but no reliable, published sources were given to verify it and the information is not considered common knowledge.

Usage


Notes:
 * Some prefer to use the date-substitution template to automatically generate the date, e.g., . See Help:Substitution for more information.
 * The date parameter is technically optional: if not used a bot will soon add it. The date parameter consists of the name of the current month and the year only, not full dates. The names of the months are capitalised in English. Any deviation from these two rules will result in an "invalid date parameter" error.
 * The reason parameter is optional but often helpful. It is displayed as a tooltip. For example, the following usage might be appropriate to the claim that "Humphrey Bogart has won several snooker world championships.":
 * Double quotation marks cannot be used as part of the reason parameter; use single quotes instead.
 * Use only plain text for the reason parameter. It does not support wiki markup like wikilinks which can "mess up" the tooltip.
 * Use of this template places the article into Category:Articles with unsourced statements and Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024 (example).
 * Please remove the template when you add a citation for a statement.
 * Please remove the template when you add a citation for a statement.

Examples


The above wikitext will render as follows:


 * This sentence shows the template used at the end.

When not to use this template
Unsourced or poorly sourced contentious material about living persons should be removed immediately. Do not tag it: immediately remove it. This includes material that is doubtful, harmful, or possibly libelous. For some policy about this, see the sections "Remove unsourced or poorly sourced contentious material" at Biographies of living persons and "Burden of evidence" at Verifiability.

The template is intended for use when there is a general question of the verifiability of a statement, or when an editor believes that a reference verifying the statement should be provided. Other templates are available for other or more specific issues; see the list of inline templates. For example, claims that you think are incorrect should be tagged with Dubious, and those which represent a non-neutral view should be tagged with POV-statement. Being specific about the nature of the problem will help other editors correct it.

If you have the time and ability to find an authoritative reference, please do so. Then add the citation yourself, or correct the article text. After all, the ultimate goal is not to merely identify problems, but to fix them.

While an editor may add this template to any uncited passage for any reason, many editors object to what they perceive as overuse of this tag, particularly in what is known as "drive-by" tagging, which is applying the tag without attempting to address the issues at all (hit-and-run). Consider whether adding this tag in an article is the best approach before using it, and use it judiciously. Wikipedia's verifiability policy does not require reliable sources for common well-known facts (e.g., "The Moon orbits the Earth"), or that citations be repeated through every sentence in a paragraph. All direct quotations and facts whose accuracy might be challenged (e.g., statistics) require citations. See WP:MINREF for the list of material that is absolutely required to be followed by an inline citation, rather than a general reference or no citation at all. Also note that the burden of evidence lies with the editor who adds or restores material.

This template is intended for specific passages that need citation. For entire articles or sections that contain significant material lacking sources (rather than just specific short passages), there are other, more appropriate templates, such as Unreferenced or Refimprove.

Do not use this template on policies, guidelines, or other non-article pages.

How to respond to this tag
The addition of this tag is a request for an inline citation to support the tagged statement. If you are able to provide a citation to support the claim, then please do so.

Except for certain kinds of claims about living people, which require immediate production of inline citations, there is no specific deadline for providing citations. Please do not delete information that you believe is correct simply because no-one has provided a citation within an arbitrary time limit. Where there is some uncertainty about its accuracy, most editors are willing to wait about a month to see whether a citation can be provided.

Inline templates

 * Cite quote: for "actual quotations" which need citations to make them proper.
 * Clarify: request clarification of wording or interpretation.
 * Examples: request examples for clarification.
 * Nonspecific: flag a general, yet factual statement as needing to be made more specific before it can be verified.
 * Page needed: request a page number for an existing citation.

Highlighting some text that needs a citation

 * Citation needed span (also Cn span/Cn-span, Fact span/Fact-span, or Reference necessary): similar, except that the text needing the citation is changed to a dark slate-gray color while being encapsulated in an off-white box with a pale pink outline. For example:


 * Beetles consist of the largest orders of insects, with


 * This template can be used within a sentence or at the end. Notice that punctuation should be inside the questioned text.

Incomplete citations

 * Full: in-line request for full citation, for example when only (Author, YEAR) is given.
 * Page needed: in-line request for the page number or page numbers in a work such as journal for an existing citation.
 * Season needed, similar to page needed: for missing TV season & episode number.
 * Volume needed, similar to page needed: for missing journal, newspaper, comic, etc., volume and issue numbers).

Verification

 * Better source: flags a statement as requiring a better source.
 * Dead link: request a fix for a dead external link within a paragraph or a reference citation.
 * Failed verification: source was checked, and did not contain the cited material.
 * Request quotation: request a direct quote from an inaccessible source, for verification purposes.
 * Self-published inline or Self-published source : flag a source that cites the author.
 * Source need translation: Self explanatory. See WP:NONENG for policy requirements.
 * Verify credibility: flag a source as possibly being unreliable and/or unverifiable.
 * Verify source: request that someone verify the cited source backs up the material in the passage.

Content

 * Definition: flag a definition as being ambiguous/confusing
 * Dubious: flag something as suspected of being incorrect
 * Technical-statement: ...flag a word or phrase Make technical articles understandable
 * Or: flag something as possibly containing original research
 * Peacock term: Avoid peacock terms too
 * POV-statement: dispute the neutrality of a passage
 * Quantify: flag a statement as being vague regarding the amount of something
 * Time fact/Chronology citation needed: request a source confirming or providing the chronology or timeline of a statement
 * Undue-inline: show that a statement does not ascribe appropriate weight to its sources, according to their prominence; use in preference to...
 * Vague: flag a statement that is too vague to be unambiguously verifiable.
 * Weasel-inline: flag for weasel word cleanup
 * When: flags a particular time period as being vague or ambiguous
 * Who: for placement after descriptions of a group of persons
 * Whom/By whom: placement after mention of a vague third party claim that is not sourced
 * Whom?

Timeliness

 * Update after: a template that only shows itself after a specified time, indicating an exceptional statement that will date quickly.

Article message box templates

 * Cite check, article/section may have inappropriate or misinterpreted citations.
 * Refimprove, article/section has weak or incomplete sources/references/citations.
 * Unreferenced, article/section has no sources/references/citations given at all.
 * Citation method and style
 * Citation style
 * No footnotes

Redirects
The following templates redirect here and may also be used: